Damage Therapy
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Why will chemo therapy cause a tumor cell to enter apoptosis by damaging DNA, but the original damage did not?
If the job of P53 is to initiate apoptosis in light of DNA damage, hence tumor cell, why does it not initiate until chemotherapy creates the DNA damage?
Good question...
A common cause of many cancers is the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53. Amongst other jobs, p53 can initiate apoptosis as one way to control cells.
The problem "when the cancer first starts" is not so much DNA damage as it is DNA alteration- alterations (such as deletions, addition, translocations, epigenetic changes, etc) that affect how genes are expressed. The body has well-recognized repair systems for damaged DNA, but they look generally for other changes in DNA. These kinds of "damage" are ones that interfere with DNA replication usually. The afore-mentioned alterations usually don't interfere with replication- they are happily replicated. They then get passed along and are not recognized as "damage". Ultimately, many of these alterations cause loss of control of cell growth and division (at least the ones that lead to malignancy). Many chemotherapies take advantage of this uncontrolled cell growth and induce damage of some sort or another in DNA, which can trigger apoptosis.
So, initially the changes that can "sneak" through and cause cancer are not either 1) of the type which would be recognized by a repair mechanism, or 2) are flat-out missed.
Does that make sense?
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