Concepts Liquid



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Concepts Liquid
What is meant by polarity of molecules? What causes differences in polarity?

This is for my AP Chemistry Liquid Chromatography Lab but it is a general question so I don't think you need any lab background. I'm confused with this concept.

Polarity and to do with 3 things:
1. The relative electronegativity of the atoms involved.
2. The structure of the molecule in question
3. The geometry of the molecule.

For instance looking at water:
1. electronegativity -- O=3.5 H=2.1
and so the bond between O and H is considered to be polar... but wait there are 2 hydrogens in water one on each side:

2. H-O-H and so if you look closer it appears that one hydrogen pulls one direction on oxygen and the other pulls the opposite, and they cancel each other out! ...but wait

3. if you draw the lewis structure for water what you will find is that is has 2 lone pairs of electrons which push down on both of the OH bonds and this is why typically when you see water drawn it looks like a v the geometry is tetrahedral bent.

These are the things you must look at to determine wither a molecule is polar or not. A classic non polar molecule is CH4.

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